Lithium-ion battery will to be leap forward

Lithium-ion battery will to be leap forward

2009 lithium-ion battery to leap forward (IV): a substantial increase in the safety performance of positive

Audi offers the Sanyo batteries

Sanyo Electric Co. supplies batteries to the Audi's performance. Power density up to 3500W/kg, life expectancy more than 10 years.

While other vendors are convoluted, but Sanyo Electric, GS Yuasa, and Toshiba is rolled into the square enclosure of the electrode. While Nissan will put into the cylindrical housing. However, Hitachi is also exploring the multi-layer type in the square not considered.

Sanyo Electric in May 2008 announced it will supply Audi's HEV batteries, but also open the HEV and PHEV battery cells and modules used in the sample. Audi supplies the battery, the power density of the 3500W/kg, the energy density of the 90Wh/kg. Voltage and capacity has not been announced, it is estimated voltage of about 3.6V, capacity 5Ah so.

Used in the cathode in the LiNiCoMnO2 (hereinafter referred to as 3 per class) based on self-improvement materials, using a variety of materials, a variety of performance comparison. In comparison, in addition to class Co, Mn classes, 3 per type of material, but also use LiNiCoAlO2 (hereinafter referred to as Ni type), LiFePO4 (hereinafter referred to as iron phosphate class), security of more outstanding in terms of Mn, Ni classes terms of capacity more excellent, 3 per class is more balanced in all aspects.

Sanyo Electric plans to complete in March 2009 product line, established from the end of 2009 to 15,000 per year ~ 20 000 mass-produced HEV battery supply system. Import in 2010 will be the second production line, so that the battery unit per month to 100 million, and strive to achieve by 2015 to produce 10 million. Typically, each general use of HEV battery cells 30 to 100, if the battery shipped 10 million units, the equivalent of 100,000 ~ 330,000 / month HEV. In addition, the company also plans to use trial 20Ah PHEV battery level, and strive to mass production in 2011.

Comparison of cathode material. Sanyo Electric to compare the materials of the company's example. In terms of safety, Mn, Class 3, Class metaclass and excellent iron phosphate.

Mitsubishi Electric to supply batteries are Mitsubishi, Mitsubishi, GS Yuasa of the tripartite joint venture LEJ. But for HEV, PHEV GS Yuasa battery was developed separately.

These batteries are used square. LEJ will be EV supply "LEV50", its capacity up to 50Ah. Voltage of 3.7V, external dimensions of 43.8 × 171 × 112mm. Series 4 will be the way the battery into a module equipped with the iMiEV 88. Cathode material and the AESC as are Mn-based class.

HEV battery used "EH6", is developing voltage of 3.7V, a capacity 6Ah products. 3600W/kg more power density and energy density 67.1kW/kg, cathode material selection is 3 per class.

Both Mn 3 per class or classes, as the cathode material security are very high, while GS Yuasa is developing a more secure type of material iron phosphate. Iron phosphate type with high safety, long service life, but when used as the cathode material, there is the battery voltage of only 3.2 ~ 3.3V shortcomings.

In addition, there is iron phosphate type conductivity over a large current discharge rate to decrease when the capacity problem. The company attached to the carbon on the cathode to improve the conductivity. A successful trial in the 400A high current flow can be achieved when the battery capacity of 50Ah.

Hitachi Vehicle Energy is improving the safety of cathode. Although not disclose the specific materials, but the products have been used in the development of class materials have Mn. Isuzu Motors after the company had the "Elf" and the Rotary Shankar Mitsubishi buses "Canter" provided such hybrid batteries, built in 2004 voted to produce 40,000 battery production line is currently at full capacity.

The company is committed to elimination of production in the battery unit deviation in performance. If there is a deviation voltage of the battery cell, part of the battery unit will bear the load, making the battery deterioration accelerated. Therefore, the company in addition to the assembly, the process of evaluation, inspection and production equipment to conduct a thorough improvements, still design feedback, clean room were improved.

Hitachi Vehicle Energy, said, "from 3,4 years ago with General Motors launched a joint research" (Hitachi Vehicle Energy director Hidetaka Kawamoto), have been identified since 2010 to supply batteries for GM's HEV program. In order to carry supplies for, Hitachi Vehicle Energy in December 2008 have been imported production equipment.

Toshiba to use lithium titanate anode

Cathode material in the direction of the high security process, Toshiba focused on negative materials, developed a new battery "SCiB". The company intended to achieve in 2009 on the application of electric bicycles, and plans used in automobiles from 2010. The battery has started in April 2008 Saku City plant for mass production. Battery cell production capacity of 150,000 per month.

In terms of safety, the company that led to rise in temperature is negative material. Now common in the negative and positive is the ability to obtain large potential difference between the graphite and amorphous carbon rod. However, the use of black stone, if, after a short circuit at full power, there will be negative and 200 ℃ 90 ℃ heat phenomenon. Toshiba used Li4Ti5O12 (lithium titanate) decreased this heating phenomenon.

Toshiba to use lithium titanate anode material, the development of short-circuit the battery in a high security set on the division's short 18mm square area in the crushed battery unit, if the cathode is made of lithium titanate, voltage not dramatically. The graphite anode, then the discharge will be about 1 second, the internal energy into heat.

However, when using this material weakness, as the battery cell voltage of only 2.4V, so compared with the graphite of about 3.6V, the need for more battery units. However, "no matter to what extent the use of SOC, the capacity will change, ordinary lithium-ion rechargeable battery is 30%, while the new battery you can use 60 to 80%, so the overall look or can reduce the weight" (Toshiba Power Industrial Systems distribution business of promoting the omnibus SCiB technical director of the Ministry of the multi-Kai III).

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Optical crystal thin-film solar cell model

Optical crystal thin-film solar cell model

Adds Solar newcomer's first family of optical crystal thin film solar cell model appeared

Materials Research Society in the United States at the recent annual meeting, Massachusetts Institute of Technology professor showing the latest open Merriam successfully developed a new type of solar cell model, the new model of the original thin-film solar cells made structural improvements, making the battery The absorption of sunlight to stay longer, thus greatly improving the efficiency of solar energy into electricity.

Potential application of thin film solar cells

The earliest use of solar cells are solar photovoltaic cells, can be traced back to 1954, was invented by Bell Labs, was motivated by research area I hope to give Pianyuan provide energy supply system, when only the solar cell efficiency 6%. Then, in 1957 the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite, has been to the U.S. astronauts landed on the moon in 1969, the application of solar photovoltaic cells can be said to have been fully realized. 94% of the global solar photovoltaic cells are manufactured using silicon.

Since the last century, 80 years, solar cell researchers began to study to replace the silicon thin film solar cell manufacturing technology, and make great progress. As thin film solar cells using soft plastics and other lightweight materials for the substrate, with a soft portable, durable, photoelectric conversion efficiency is high, so people look forward to it very practical and can be widely used in consumer electronics, remote monitoring / communication military, outdoor / indoor power supply and other fields. Experts believe that the next 5 years, thin film solar cells will substantially reduce costs, when this thin film solar cells will be widely used in watches, calculators, curtains and even clothes.

As the thickness of conventional solar cells close to 200 microns, more materials, and thin film solar cells are only a few microns thick, so the price has a greater competitive advantage. However, the current thin-film solar cell conversion efficiency is lower, mainly due to the infrared photons are substances such as sunlight, in the films stay long enough to be more absorbed. Therefore, as scientists have overcome this difficulty.

Grating structure designed to enhance the performance of 15%

Merriam Professor of open thin film solar cells developed only 5 microns thick, and their design principles is that the battery in the back of the new high efficiency coating material on the reflection, and coated on the front does not reflex coating, so that battery can absorb more red light and infrared light and convert them into electrical energy. Designed by such a transformation of thin film solar cells than the current commercial thin-film solar cell efficiency increased by 15%. Professor Merriam opened by computer simulations show that the conversion efficiency of this new type of battery and 35% increase in space.

Now common on the back of thin film solar cells are coated with a layer of metal, usually aluminum, but the metal surface of each reflector to lose about 30% of sunlight. Er, Massachusetts Institute of Technology researchers did not use a metal surface, but the grassroots level in the silicon engraved Aocao and raised, so that the surface of grating, and then coated with a layer on the surface characteristics of a photonic crystal, that is, from silicon and two composed of alternating layers of silicon oxide structure.

The crystal structure of the optical reflecting sunlight, the grating to receive these reflected light and at a lower angle of the reflected light of these re-reflected back to the primary silicon, the reflected light is not lost, but be reflected back again to extend the light residence time within the battery, the battery will also be able to absorb more solar energy, solar energy will be converted into electricity more. The researchers are continuing to optimize the optical crystal and the grating structure to further enhance this thin film solar cell conversion efficiency.

Technical problems and competitors

The new optical thin film solar cells is still not put into practical use. Main obstacle, the researchers are currently using raster engraving technology is the interference lithography technology, which is costly. In addition, the reflecting surface of the alternating layers also needs a hand-plated, time-consuming and labor, and now researchers need to develop new technologies to enable more large-scale production and to lower prices of new potential for this application solar cells. Professor Merriam is currently considering opening nano-copy replacement interference lithography technique.

Merriam Professor of opening the industry has been positive, but also encountered some competitors. U.S. company to improve the absorption thin film solar cell efficiency, the silicon surface coated with nano-scale grass-roots rugged rough structure, so that the battery in addition to the infrared absorption, but also can absorb all the visible light, but the potential of solar energy conversion efficiency of the current has not been proven.

In addition, Ames Laboratory of the United States is also developing optical crystal thin film solar cells, only amorphous silicon, they used to replace indium tin oxide layer of silicon grass-roots level, and indium tin oxide layer, engraved with many small columns composed of silica matrix. But their solar cell conversion efficiency can only be increased by 15%, the only advantage is the battery is only 0.5 microns, which supplies less, the price is cheaper.

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Zero-emission fuel cell vehicles

Zero-emission fuel cell vehicles

Although the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games have ended some time, but the success of the Olympic Games give us a deep impression, the event can be said to give the country the power to organize, in every respect to do our best, in the reception of the vehicles too. During the Olympics, there is such a team: they are from the 20 Passat Passat formed body of the vehicle the words "fuel cell car" from the shuttle at various venues and stadiums, the successful completion of tasks, covering a distance of thousands of km, but did not add a drop of gasoline, which is today's hero - Passat Passat fuel cell cars.

"Green Olympics, Scientific Olympics" is the slogan of the Beijing Olympic Games, Beijing 2008 Olympic Games as a vehicle partner, Volkswagen vehicles not only sponsor for the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games and Paralympic Games provides excellent transport security services, but also to a series of new energy vehicles provide energy-saving environmental protection, green travel services. These services are the Olympic Games in green new energy models from Shanghai Volkswagen Passat 20 Passat composition of the domestic fuel cell car has the largest fleet of fuel cell demonstration runs of the longest running record in a row, the longest total mileage record. Volkswagen in the spirit of "Green Olympics, Scientific Olympics", but also demonstrated its power in the new energy and new technology achievements. Is the hydrogen absorption of water row

Reduction are put in today in front of the world's major car manufacturers a major issue. While the manufacturers to explore new ways and means of energy is different, but their vision is the same - using renewable energy, clean energy as the future direction of development. So, who can take the lead in the new master of renewable energy power technologies, anyone can become the master of the automotive market.

At Volkswagen's powertrain technology and fuel development strategy, we see medium-term development of fuel still in liquid form, but not limited to oil, such as sun oil, synthetic oil, etc., are man-made synthetic fuels, to adapt to the current engine systems; but in the future will still be electricity, hydrogen as the main direction of development, can be said that hydrogen is currently recognized by the automotive industry to achieve zero pollution, clean energy. Hydrogen is currently recognized by the automotive industry to achieve zero pollution, clean energy. Volkswagen as the world's most powerful vehicle technology vendors, research and application of hydrogen has made certain achievements.

Fuel cell vehicle fuel cell power system consists of engine, fuel tank (hydrogen bottle), electric motors, power batteries and other components, the use of fuel cell power generation as the main energy source, through the motor drive the vehicle forward. Fuel cell power generation and routine chemical energy in different, more similar to gasoline and diesel engines. Its fuel (mainly hydrogen) and oxidizer (oxygen or air) is not stored in the battery, but outside the tanks stored in the battery. When the battery power, the need to continuously fed to the battery inside the hydrogen fuel and oxidizer, emissions of only pure water. Therefore, the fuel cell is a suitable vehicle, environmentally friendly hydrogen power generation devices. Its biggest feature is the reaction does not involve combustion, so the energy conversion efficiency from "Carnot cycle" restriction, the energy conversion efficiency up to 80%, the actual efficiency is 2-3 times of ordinary internal combustion engines.

"Green" service marathon

August 2007, the Shanghai Office for approval of new energy vehicles to promote the establishment of a "fuel cell car tech Olympics" special, planned trial 20 Passat Passat-based platform that integrates a new generation of fuel cell power system technology platform, the fuel cell car, provide transportation services for the Beijing Olympics. By the SAIC, Shanghai Volkswagen and the burning power more than ten units composed of joint R & D team, depth Passat Passat for fuel cell vehicle safety, reliability and comfort in terms of optimization, and the establishment of power system control, electrical safety, hydrogen safety, nine special technology development research group. Since July 5, 2008 began, 20 Passat Passat fuel cell car after another arrived in Beijing after commissioning, transport services into the work of the Beijing Olympic Games.

During the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games, this 20 Passat Passat fuel cell cars in 8 major Olympic venues to run around the provision of traffic management services; and, as a referee special vehicle for the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games marathon competitions security services. To ensure that the fuel cell car running smoothly during the Olympic Games, Shanghai Volkswagen, the burning power of about 100 people came together to form a model operation team to provide comprehensive technical support and operational security.

Fuel cell vehicles and ordinary vehicles, the difference between

Center console features increased, the data can be run real-time detection

We have seen in the center console of a style more common DVD car navigation, but the built-in functions which are far more than that, pressing the corresponding button, we can see the current vehicles in the state of charge and discharge, are to Comparison of the animation image of the way has been reflected; If you need more detailed test data, just press the toggle button to be able to check the drive motor, battery and fuel cell operating conditions, from the voltage, temperature, performance, and other data to understand the operational status of the vehicle.

If you encounter a problem, error code board computer will be displayed on the screen in a timely manner to facilitate the testing service staff. Dashboard display power, no speed

In the mass range of vehicles dashboard, usually on the left of the big table is a tachometer, and fuel cell vehicles in the replacement of vehicles has become one shows the current power of the instruments, instrument pointers in the idle state the basic point to zero-scale When the pointer speed when driving positive, he said that the issue of the actual drive motor power; and when the brakes when the pointer will drop to the negative energy that are now recovered.

Slightly less power, noise suppression is still needed

PASSAT fuel cells in Canada, after a full fuel can travel 235 km or more, to accelerate from 0-100 km time of 15 seconds, top speed 140 km / hour, for a gasoline version of the Passat This is simply for pediatrics, but for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles as an energy source for such data has basically met the needs of everyday driving. In the course of driving, the vehicle will be issued a similar sound like the plane took off, mainly from the intake side of the noise, because the fuel cell fuel cell outside, the more the faster the air will need to react, how to This part of the noise suppression is also the need to solve a problem.

Supply in different ways, a hydrogen supply the energy needs of 3-4 minutes where the vehicle is specially designed hydrogen refueling station, hydrogen refueling station at the time of entering here, we found that the requirements more stringent than the gas station, the door installed devices to eliminate static electricity , mobile phones for security reasons I have also been temporarily closed up, taking pictures is strictly controlled in the hydrogenation outside the region.

Vehicles hydrogen stations, by professional operators in the exhaust pipe of the ground with anti-static, and then connected through a special pipeline to the vehicle tank, the fuel fill process takes 3-4 minutes, a hydrogen fuel buses will have to spend 15 minutes or so.

In addition to the different characteristics of the vehicle itself, vehicle parking garage is also rather special, in the garage are installed on the roof of hydrogen sensors to detect vehicle fuel leaks and ensure the safety of the surrounding environment.

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Spain new fuel cell li-ion conducting materials

Spain new fuel cell li-ion conducting materials

Complutense University of Madrid (UniversidadComplutensedeMadrid) the researchers designed a high ionic conductivity of the material that may greatly facilitate the development of hydrogen and fuel cells. The study published in the renowned scientific journal "Science "on.

The team used insulation material - strontium titanate (Strontiumtitanate) and yttria stabilized zirconia (Yttria-stabilizedzirconia) of synthetic materials for the fuel cells ions in the conductive material. Crystal structure of two different materials combine to produce the ion flow channel.

Automotive batteries and feed plates are short-term capital Chaozuo

Today's total turnover of the two cities was 53.29 billion yuan and 5.68 billion increase over the previous trading day, about 3.62 billion net outflow of funds. The recent worldwide stock market crash, the inevitable impact of China's stock market, despite central bank cut interest rates last night and a two-pronged policy of lowering deposit rates, but the market's confidence in the recovery would take time, real estate, coal, forestry, animal husbandry and fisheries, non-ferrous metals funds continue to flow, car batteries and feed plates are hot money Chaozuo, but not the number of levels, China Petroleum and Yao City continues to support the market, the Shanghai index down 0.84%, to close at 2074.6 points. Remain operational advice yesterday, "the Shanghai index to return to the line of pressure within the (tomorrow at 2140 points), showing that the trend is still down, can only be short-term wet storage operation, the recent flow of funds frequently, not sure, it is best not move. "wait and see tomorrow is still appropriate.

Electric Bicycle replace the battery

Live in the district of Fuzhou Gijón Chen, is to cook at home so his wife back. What think, wait until the fast 1:00, but he did not figure his wife. "Electric vehicles will not be another 'break', right?" He is a bad premonition heart suddenly surfaced, he took the phone wave, and sure enough, end of the line came the anxious voice of his wife: "electric vehicle battery is broken."

Chen said that his wife bought the electric car more than a year, due to frequent charging and long-running, electric vehicle batteries from time to time on the "anchor." Previous occasions, the battery bad, not in the vicinity of the unit, that is just close to home, Mr. Chen also help cart, you can not so lucky this time, broke down to just at the unit and home.

At that time, his wife anxious, Chen Chong shouted, "how to do", said the road do not want to lose the car directly. At this time, Mr. Chen thought of the sea are 968,111 recently launched a new "electric car battery replacement" service, which said that as long as the people of a phone, give your location, the sea would have rushed to the maintenance of professional convenience.

He is called the Sea are 968,111, the newspaper contact his wife and electric cars broke down locations. After that, he waited for half an hour, my wife came back. Huo Da's wife to see the original, and now gas is slow, and Chen heart also smiling: "sea are convenience shop, really is a great solution of the problem I had."

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